The Assassination Of Abraham Lincoln - 861 Words

In the year 1865 on April 14, five days after Robert E. Lee surrendered at Appomattox Courthouse, one of America s greatest presidents, Abraham Lincoln, was shot and killed by a man named John Wilkes Booth. Specifically, John Wilkes Booth was an American play actor and a big sympathiser for the Confederacy. Booth was well known for his hatred towards the President and his crazy ideas and motives, which lead to the killing of Lincoln. Many conspiracies and theories today believed the assassination of Abraham Lincoln was handled by John Wilkes alone, but other conspiracies believed that he did work with other conspirators. Personally, I believe that John Wilkes Booth idea of wanting the President dead was all of his doing. His intentions for murdering Abraham Lincoln was out of pure hatred towards the man and towards the Union, but for the obvious reason Booth could not of acted entirely alone. Reasons being he could not kill the Vice President Andrew Johnson, the Secretary of State Wi lliam Seward, and the President Abraham Lincoln all in one night on his own. John Wilkes Booth needed supporters to help with his own elaborate plan. For instance, the article â€Å"Abraham Lincoln’s Assassination† claimed, â€Å"he [John Wilkes Booth] and several associates hatched a plot to kidnap the president and take him to Richmond, the Confederate capital...the day of the planned kidnapping, Lincoln failed to appear at the spot where Booth and his six fellow conspirators lay in wait†Show MoreRelatedThe Assassination Of Abraham Lincoln1064 Words   |  5 PagesColin Shafer Abraham Lincoln’s Assassination President Abraham Lincoln was the first United States president ever to be assassinated while in office. He was president during the Civil War and had many people that did not like him. John Wilkes Booth did not like Abraham Lincoln and was responsible for the President’s death. Abraham Lincoln was born in Harden County, Kentucky on February 12, 1809. His parents were Thomas and Nancy Hanks Lincoln. In 1818, his mother died while he was just nine yearsRead MoreThe Assassination Of Abraham Lincoln1535 Words   |  7 PagesMichael Cardenas Ritmann History 2B October 16, 2015 The Assassination Of Abraham Lincoln On April 14, 1865 at twelve o’ clock midnight John Wilkes Booth lay in his bed at the National Hotel. Three days earlier he had attended a speech given by President Abraham Lincoln at the White House. The civil war had commenced just two days earlier and the crowd was jubilant. When Lincoln concluded his speech with the the acknowledgment of black suffrage, Booth became incensed and declared that â€Å"Now byRead MoreThe Assassination of Abraham Lincoln511 Words   |  2 PagesThe Assassination of Abraham Lincoln The assassination of President Abraham Lincoln occurred on April 15, 1865, Washington, D.C. Lincoln was watching the play â€Å"Our American Cousin† at Ford’s Theatre located in Washington D.C. John Wilkes Booth entered the theatre during the play and shot and killed President Lincoln. This tragic event changed history. President Lincoln was the President of the United States during the time of slavery. He was also the president during the Civil War. Lincoln wantedRead MoreThe Assassination Of Abraham Lincoln Essay1317 Words   |  6 Pagesâ€Å"Sic Semper tyrannis† or â€Å"Thus always I bring death to tyrants† were the famous words of Confederate actor John Wilkes Booth after he shot President Lincoln at Ford’s Theatre. The assassination of Abraham Lincoln was a tragic event that will be forever remembered in the hearts of all American citizens. On April 20, 1999 in Littleton, Colorado, Booth’s words would make a comeback during another Am erican tragedy; Columbine high school was the setting for arguably one of the most notorious school shootingsRead MoreThe Assassination Of Abraham Lincoln Essay1342 Words   |  6 Pagesâ€Å"Sic Semper Tyrannis† or â€Å"Thus always I bring death to tyrants† were the famous words of Confederate actor John Wilkes Booth after he shot President Lincoln at Ford’s Theatre. The assassination of Abraham Lincoln was a devastating event that will be forever remembered in the hearts of all American citizens. On April 20, 1999 in Littleton, Colorado, Booth’s words became a part of another American tragedy; Columbine high school was the setting for arguably one of the most infamous school shootingsRead MoreThe Assassination Of President Abraham Lincoln Essay983 Words   |  4 PagesOne of the most tragic moments throughout all American history in my opinion is the Assassination of President Abraham Lincoln. With no surprise I am writing about certain event that oc curred leading up to, during, and after this unfortunate event. This historical event is clouded with conspiracy but I will try to avoid specifics of that particular view. Abraham Lincoln was born in a little town located within Hardin Country, Kentucky on February 12, 1809 (www.whitehouse.gov/abrahamlincoln). HeRead MoreThe Assassination of Abraham Lincoln Essay913 Words   |  4 PagesAbraham Lincoln was the 16th president of the United States of America. He was elected into presidency on November 6, 1860. Many of the southern states were unsupportive of Lincoln becoming president because he had run on an anti-slavery platform. Lincoln being elected into presidency caused states such as South Carolina, Mississippi, Florida, Alabama, Georgia, Louisiana and Texas to split from the Union. In his inaugural address Lincoln proclaimed it was his duty to maintain the Union; a month laterRead MoreThe Assassination of Abraham Lincoln Essay1646 Words   |  7 Pagesorphaned child-to do all which may be achieved and cherished a just and a lasting peace among ourselves, and with all other nations†-Abraham Lincoln, Second Inaugural Address (Great Documen ts of America 19). Abraham Lincoln was the sixteenth president of the United States and perhaps one of the most hated presidents that ever served, this hatred for president Lincoln came from his options and actions regarding the nation’s conflict at the time; the Civil War, this came after the succession of fourteenRead MoreThe Assassination Of Abraham Lincoln1456 Words   |  6 Pagesbe the same today if Abraham Lincoln was never assassinated on the unfortunate night of April 14, 1865. His killer, John Wilkes Booth, had a strong resent for the Union that subsequently caused a dramatic shift in history. This hatred was caused by many factors, such as his background and where he grew up, his lust for power and fame, and his mental illness. John Wilkes Booth, a master assassinator and conspirator, hoped to strengthen the confederacy by killing Abraham Lincoln. However, this murderRead MoreAbraham Lincoln s Assassination Of President1176 Words   |  5 PagesAbraham Lincoln’s Assassination President Abraham Lincoln was the first United States president ever to be assassinated while in office. He was president during the Civil War and had many people that did not like him. John Wilkes Booth was one of those people and was the man responsible for the Presidents death. The following is about Abraham Lincoln, John Wilkes Booth, Booth’s plan for Lincoln, the President’s assassination, Booth’s capture and how it affected history. Abraham Lincoln was born

William Mckinley, A Influential Leader For Making The...

William McKinley, creditable for being a prominent leader for making the United States a better place and changing the life for American people. He is noted for his success in moving the country forward through the tariffs that he had put in place, the establishment of the gold standard, the victory of the Spanish American war, and importance of foreign policy. William McKinley was born in Niles, Ohio with his dad, William Sr. McKinley, his mom, Nancy McKinley, and 7 siblings. William was enrolled in the Poland Academy. He attended Allegheny College, but didn’t complete because of financial issues. A good student, though not a brilliant one, he succeeded by dint of hard work and exceptional retention. Later on two of his children had†¦show more content†¦Once he had assumed the responsibilities of office, McKinley immediately turned his attention to measures for assuring economic recovery and called a special session of Congress in order to raise customs duties, an effort he believed would reduce other taxes and encourage the growth of domestic industry and employment for American workers. From his position he managed to maneuver the passage was the Dingley Tariff Act which he concentrated his energies on. It is the highest protective tariff in American history. McKinley’s support for the Dingley Tariff strengthened his position with organized labor, lower rates, was the greatest source of income, and opened up the idea of reciprocity. Deferring action on the money question, he called Congress into special session to enact the highest tariff in history. The tariff was, in his view, a key measure for achieving national order and tranquility to eliminate the corruption, such as, trusts and monopolies, going on in that time period. This has helped him undergone considerable revision for his reputation as a president due to the improvement he has caused. The Sherman Silver Purchase Act, passed the same year as McKinley s tariff legislation, had been inadequate to meet the demand for better prices or for an increase in the stock of money. Once again the segments of society that stood to gain from higher prices, especially the farmers of the WestShow MoreRelatedThe American Of The Spanish American War1630 Words   |  7 Pagesthe Spanish American War to the current conflict in the Middle East, the United States went from relative isolation to increased global involvement because of their urge for humanitarianism, economic self-interest, and the search for Manifest Destiny. The consequences of this increased global involvement on American society were the increase of immigrants, increase in resources and â€Å"Yellow Press† media. The United States were the helping hand to Cuba during when America was moving from relativeRead MoreHistory of the United States from 1877 to 1917: Industrial Revolution1243 Words   |  5 PagesHistory of the United States from 1877 to 1917: Industrial Revolution There are five important things that every American citizen needs to know about the time period from 1877 to 1917: #5. The 1896 Presidential elections in which William McKinley was elected, marked one of the most important elections of the 19th century since the beginning and the end of Civil War when Abraham Lincoln was the President. The 1896 elections were highly symbolic in that the victory of McKinley also meant victoryRead MoreThe United States And Foreign Policy Essay4400 Words   |  18 PagesIn contemporary, international society the United States is at the forefront of global affairs. Moreover, scholars have argued that after the First World War, American hegemony led a path for a liberalized world, where cooperation and harmonious institutions unit the world. However, the United States historically has never been this type of hegemonic leader. Rather from their conception as a nation they had a foreign policy which isolated them from foreign affairs of the world, from President WashingtonRead MorePresident Theodore Roosevelt Proclamation and First Inaugural Address: the Use of Ethos and Pathos3346 Words   |  14 Pagesthe case for Theodore Roosevelt for there was no pending farewell speeches planned. Vice-President Roosevelt became president after the unexpected assassination of President William McK inley on September 14, 1901. In Campbell and Jamieson’s chapter on â€Å"Special Addresses: The Speeches of Ascendant Vice Presidents,† they state that in history there have been only nine times where a vice president moved up to president (57). Eight of these incidents involved a president being assassinated and one involvedRead MoreThe Politics of Campaign Finance Essay2530 Words   |  11 PagesFrom the very first elections held in the United States, there has always been a strong link between money and politics. During the first elections in the late 1700’s you had to be a white male landowner over the age of 21 in order to vote, meaning that you had to have money in order to have your vote counted. It seems today that we cannot go a day with out seeing campaign finance in the media, whether or not it is through advertisements for politicians in the media or asked to donate money to helpRead MoreIda B. Wells : An Influential African American Woman Of Her Ti me2387 Words   |  10 PagesIda B. Wells was the most influential African American woman of her time, who set the path for many women like Rosa Parks, Shirley Chisholm, and many others, who can walk with their heads held high and no more looking back. She achieved so much while she was here on earth. Wells’ was born in during slavery in Holly Springs, Mississippi. She grew up with both parents (her mother’s name was Lizzie Bell, who was sold by a number of owners and her father’s name was James Wells, who had one master,Read MoreEmilio Aguinaldo4383 Words   |  18 Pagesconsistent and it declared him a â€Å"Filipino hero.† Emilio Aguinaldo is best known as the Filipino leader who fought against Spain and later the United States for the independence of the Philippines. Emilio Aguinaldo was born on March 23, 1869 near Cavite, Luzon, Philippines and died February 6, 1964 in Manila. He was born of Chinese and Tagalog descent. He became mayor of Cavite Viejo and also became leader of the Katipunan. The Katipunan was a Philippine revolutionary society aiming to gain independenceRead MoreEssay on American Intervention in Cuba and Puerto Rico5520 Words   |  23 PagesEnd notes are missing from the paper. To Secretary of State John Hay, the Spanish-American War was a splendid little war, one that would bring tremendous benefit to those fortunate colonies liberated from Spain. For those places where the Spanish were forcibly expelled, there was nothing splendid about either about the war or its aftermath. To state simply that war is hell and that change is disruptive is merely to state the obvious. Beyond this, many U.S. historians have characterized the resultsRead More The United States Government Essay example4100 Words   |  17 Pages(History) The United States Government A collection of short reports all dealing with the United States Government. William Jefferson Clinton William Jefferson Clinton was born on August 19, 1946, in Hope, Arkansas. His father, William J. Blythe III was killed in an automobile collision just two months before William’s birth. At age four, William Jefferson Blythe IV was legally adopted by his mothers second husband, Roger Clinton, making him William Jefferson Clinton. At age 22 William receivedRead MorePreserving Americ Protecting The Environment2630 Words   |  11 Pagesnatural wonders exist within the United States because they are protected and desirable. Unfortunately, in the modern world, there is less focus on how to improve and protect the environment. The focus has been shifted towards how to get the most out of the environment. An environmentalist would frown upon the industrial mannerisms that current policy has been backing. This shift has resulted in many looking back to the roots laid by former environmental leaders including Presidents Teddy Roosevelt

Consumer Behavior and Culture-Samples for Students-Myassignment

Question: Discuss about the Consumer Behavior. Answer: Introduction Consumer Behavior refers to the study of people, groups, or associations and all the actions connected with the buy, utilization, and distribution of products and services by including consumer feelings, psychological factor, behavioral reactions that follow these activities (De Mooij, 2010). This report describes the marketing consumer behavior on product Mercedes Benz E250. Mercedes Benz is a globally car manufacturer and also a department of German company known as Daimler AG. The brand is well-known for its vehicles such as luxury cars, transports, coaches and lorries.The report explains the situational analysis of the company, market description, and target market decision making the procedure of company. The report also explains the various impacts on buying behavior such as social, psychological, and personal. The main objective of this report is to understand why, when, how and other factors influence buying decision of the consumers. Situational Analysis of Company According to Ott (2013), Mercedes Benz is a currently a producer of various kinds of automotive vehicles, such as transports, lorries, and coaches. Presently, the organization has turned into a department under its parent company known as Daimler AG Group of companies. The company has portraying various innovations progress and security advancements that have become famous in the automotive industry. Mercedes Benz is one of the world's most automotive brands that are still in presence today. Mercedes Benz has made numerous concepts of cars with alternative drive, such as hybrid electric, fully electric, and energy unit power trains. The company has presented the three Bluezero concepts at the North American International Auto show in 2009. Every car feature has a distinct power train that is battery electric, energy component electric and gasoline-electric hybrid (Wu, 2012). The company is also maintained goodwill which is known for its quality and stability. The company main focus i s to build the most secure, most comfortable and most effective vehicles in the world for their customers and to produce them in top quality in the overall assembling plants. Company adapts the plan and features of their vehicles as required to particular customer demands in various markets. At the same time, company continues to conducting research that supports the claim to leadership in the automotive industry with new developments. According to Worner et al. (2013), Mercedes Benz contributes in the advancement of alternative drive frameworks such as electric vehicles or plug-in hybrid innovation. Also, company is advancing the exploration into autonomous driving cars significantly. The base 2016 Mercedes Benz E250 Blue TEC sedan brought out with a turbodiesel 2.1 liter, four-cylinder engine that produce 195 horsepower. The E250's EPA-evaluated 28/42 mpg city/expressway mileage rating is superior to the fuel economy ratings of most other upscale average size autos, including othe r diesel models. While the 2016, Mercedes Benz E-Class may not be the sportiest decision in the class, critics say it compensates for that with a remarkably smooth ride, powerful engines and created handling. Target Market Description According to Chen et al. (2013), a target market defines the customers or groups which are most likely to buy a specific product or service. The conventional target market of company includes rich class consumers who are above the age of 40 and who want a car with the purpose of lavish services and a high-class feel. Fundamentally, every expensive mid and full sized car such as Sedan, wagon, cabriolet on the market is an effective target. The reason is that E-class consist more models in its lineup than ever before and can be had with back drive or wheel-drive,as a two-door coupe, convertible, station wagon or four-door sedan, with customer decision of two V-6 engines, a V-8 and, and a four-cylinder turbo diesel. The target customers of Mercedes Benz E250 are mostly rich. The target market for the Mercedes Benz E250 consists the middle-aged individual with higher incomes or upper rich class businessmen who need cars as a status symbol. The company does not manufacture low price vehic les because the company focuses on upper class customers. Mercedes Benz E250 also targets males and females both as they manufacture cars to fit both male and female specifications (Sierzchula et al., 2012). In 2016, Mercedes-Benz brand sold a record of 2.2 million cars, up 10 percent over the earlier year. China is the greatest market with 22 percent of unit deals, trailed by the United States that is16 percent and in Germany 14 percent. Target market decision-making process According to Darley et al. (2010), the consumer decision process is consisting of five phases to examine how customers create their purchasing decision. The purchasing of a Mercedes Benz E250 needs a high engagement decision. The price connected with the in purchasing a car is a significant variable that leads to high engagement choice but not always. The target market decision-making process for Mercedes Benz E250 includes various phases which are explained below (Xu et al., 2011): Need recognition: The first stage in the consumer decision process is the identification of a need. The requirement of purchasing of a car is basically an obtained requirement. In order to fulfill customer needs, the company set objectives. Objectives can be either broad objectives that are "I need to purchase a car" or particular "I need to purchase a Mercedes E-class". The requirement to buy an E-Class is not activated by the functional requirement for transport but by psychological factors. Search process: In the next phase, the customer will look for information to investigate the decisions. The data is acquired either by inside, such as retrieved form the long-term memory and or outside from his friends, family, advertisers sources and the public information. At this phase, the reference group will assume a decisive role. In this phase, an organization can assess whether their marketing endeavors have been a success or not. Evaluation of Alternatives: A successful data investigation leaves a purchaser with the possible choices. If the customer chooses to pick for a premium compact multipurpose vehicle, the possible choices would be the Mercedes E-class, such as a sedan or the wagon. At this phase, the customer needs to device an arrangement of criteria to measure the merits and demerits of each option. Selection phase: Once the criteria are set, these attributes are positioned by their significance. If the customer values more security, quality, dependability, and distinction, he or she would be inclined to purchase the Mercedes E-class, on the other hand, if the customer gives more value to the design, performance, productivity and sportive look his or her choice would fall for either the Sedan or Wagon. The choice is taken on the basis of which choices scores the highest. Evaluation of Decision: In the last phase, the customer is prepared to make the buy, for this case, purchasing the E-class. Since the customer has influenced the buy, he or she can assess the product execution in light of his or her expectation (Tzeng Huang, 2011). The Mercedes Benz E-class may match his expectations or exceed his expectations. If the product exceeds the expectations, the consumer would feel satisfied with the buy. Social impacts on Buying Behavior According to Moshrefjavadi et al. (2012), social factors refers to the elements that are pervasive in the society where a customer lives in. The society is made out of a few people that have distinctive inclinations and practices. These varied behaviors affect the personal preferences of the other set of people as they have a tendency to execute those activities which are satisfactory to the society. The two main important social factors which influence the behavior of a consumer in one or other way (Soroa-Koury Yang, 2010): Family: The family members assume a critical role in creating ones preferences and behavior. It provides a situation where in the consumer engages, create an identity and obtain values. The family can affect the purchasing behavior of a consumer in the following ways: Affects the consumer identity, attitude, convictions, and features Influence the target market decision process in regarding to the purchase of particular goods and services. On the other hand, a spouse and kids also has a big impact on the consumers purchase. Communication among spouses and kids assume an important strong role in buying behaviors. This family affects how the customer looks at buys more specifically than most other social impacts on customer buy. Reference group: Reference group refers to those groups that customer will see to help in making a buying decision. Reference group is the groups that purchaser contrast themselves to or connect with. Reference groups are same to opinion leaders in that they can impact purchaser behavior. An opinion leader is a person inside a reference group who applies the effect on others as a result of unique abilities, knowledge, and identity. Thus, all the above social factors can influence the consumer buying behavior. Psychological impacts on Buying Behavior According to Oliver (2014), psychological factors may be defined as those factors that speak about the psychology of a person that drive his activities in order to seek the benefits. The two important psychological factors which affect the buying behavior of a consumer is explained as follows: Motivation: The level of encouragement affects the purchasing decision of the customers. It is well-defined by Maslow through his need hierarchy theory containing fundamental requirements, security needs, social needs, and self-actualization needs. The more essential the need, the more prominent the need it expects in driving customers to satisfy it. If the company convince customers that the product or services cater one of their motivating drives, or can convince to purchase what the organization is selling. Marketing can help the organization to connect a product with need satisfaction. Attitudes and Beliefs: The people have certain convictions and states of mind towards products on which their buy choices rest. These dispositions and convictions are the tendency to react to a given product in a specific way, and these make up the brand picture that affects the customer purchasing behavior (Huijts et al., 2012). Thus, the marketers of Mercedes Benz E250 try to understand the attitudes and convictions of the people and change these through various marketing efforts. Personal impacts on Buying Behavior According to Gifford Nilsson, (2014), the personal factors are the individual variables to the customer that powerfully affect their purchasing behaviors. These variables shift from individual to individual that outcome in a distinct set of observations, attitudes, and behavior towards specific goods and services. The important personal factors which influence on consumer purchasing behavior is as follows: Age: The customer purchasing behavior is mostly influenced by his age that is life cycle phases in which individual falls. The individual purchases distinctive products in various stages of the life cycle. Lifestyle: The customer purchasing behavior is affected by individual lifestyle. The lifestyle implies individuals interest, qualities, assessments, and the activities that imitate the way in which individual lives in the society (Van Doorn et al., 2010). For example, if the individual is living in a luxurious lifestyle, then he will maintain a Mercedes Benz E-class as to maintain the status symbol. Marketing Strategy Recommendations According to Benlian et al. (2012), the major recommendation that can be implementing by the company is discussed as follows: Concern about environmental issues: The Company should worry about the environmental problems which can be occurring in the car designing. This is because consumers are becoming more demanding and consequently, any new concepts that are able to deliver the benefits to the environment will be favored. Fuel efficiency: The organizations should also contribute to join the concept of fuel efficiency into its plan. As the oil and petrol prices are depend on the ride on an increasing pattern, it is management fundamentally for the organization to understand such issues and take appropriate protective actions in order to avoid the current market share being seized by other competitors. Strategic alliances with other manufacturers: The organization can choose to make the strategic alliances with other car manufacturers. Due to the extreme competition, company should consolidate those forces which can compete effectively and viably in global market place. In order to enter to the developing business sector, it is also important for companies to make associations with the local parties from the developing nations, as these local parties generally have more knowledge on the local market. Creating new brand: The administration must also focus on creating a new brand in order to meet with the middle-level groups. This step can be accomplished by framing key accomplices with a part of the smaller scale manufacturers in the Asia Pacific areas. Various organizations are enduring because of not having the necessary technology edge to competitive with other big vehicles manufacturers Therefore, Mercedes Benz can get this chance in order to connect with these partners and gives innovative support in return for a share in these companies revenue. Conclusion From this report, it has been concluded that Automobile market is rapidly in the sneak of surging as a major car producer, individual is buying a car as there is a rise in income of ordinary people as well as a change in tastes and preferences. It is important for the car producers and car dealers to be capable in order to understand the various factors influencing the degree of car buying behavior. The report explains the social, psychological and personal factor which has an impact on the consumer buying behavior. Car manufacturers must keep in kind all these factors while designing their product. The report also recommends some measures which help the organization to adjust the changes in the market and to capitalize on the trend of globalization and information technology in the next decades. References Benlian, A., Titah, R., Hess, T. (2012). Differential effects of provider recommendations and consumer reviews in e-commerce transactions: An experimental study.Journal of Management Information Systems,29(1), 237-272. Chen, J., Nguyen, B., Klaus, P. (2013). Public affairs in China: exploring the role of brand fairness perceptions in the case of Mercedes?Benz.Journal of Public Affairs,13(4), 403-414. Darley, W. K., Blankson, C., Luethge, D. J. (2010). Toward an integrated framework for online consumer behavior and decision making process: A review.Psychology marketing,27(2), 94-116. De Mooij, M. (2010).Consumer behavior and culture: Consequences for global marketing and advertising. Sage. Gifford, R., Nilsson, A. (2014). Personal and social factors that influence pro?environmental concern and behaviour: A review.International Journal of Psychology,49(3), 141-157. Huijts, N. M., Molin, E. J., Steg, L. (2012). Psychological factors influencing sustainable energy technology acceptance: A review-based comprehensive framework.Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews,16(1), 525-531. Moshrefjavadi, M. H., Dolatabadi, H. R., Nourbakhsh, M., Poursaeedi, A., Asadollahi, A. (2012). An analysis of factors affecting on online shopping behavior of consumers.International Journal of Marketing Studies,4(5), 81. Oliver, R. L. (2014).Satisfaction: A behavioral perspective on the consumer. Routledge.. Ott, D. (2013). Automatic requirement categorization of large natural language specifications at Mercedes-Benz for review improvements. InInternational Working Conference on Requirements Engineering: Foundation for Software Quality(pp. 50-64). Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. Sierzchula, W., Bakker, S., Maat, K., Van Wee, B. (2012). Technological diversity of emerging eco-innovations: a case study of the automobile industry.Journal of Cleaner Production,37, 211-220. Soroa-Koury, S. and Yang, K.C. (2010). Factors affecting consumers responses to mobile advertising from a social norm theoretical perspective.Telematics and informatics,27(1), pp.103-113. Tzeng, G. H., Huang, J. J. (2011).Multiple attribute decision making: methods and applications. CRC press. Van Doorn, J., Lemon, K. N., Mittal, V., Nass, S., Pick, D., Pirner, P., Verhoef, P. C. (2010). Customer engagement behavior: Theoretical foundations and research directions.Journal of service research,13(3), 253-266. Worner, R., Damm, A., Eberspacher, R. and Gitt, C. (2013). Front-Transverse Transmissions from Mercedes-Benz.Auto Tech Review,2(5), pp.44-49. Wu, B. (2012).Manufacturing systems design and analysis. Springer Science Business Media. Xu, H., Luo, X. R., Carroll, J. M., Rosson, M. B. (2011). The personalization privacy paradox: An exploratory study of decision making process for location-aware marketing.Decision support systems,51(1), 42-52

Margaret Sanger Essay Example

Margaret Sanger Essay Margaret Sanger was a pioneering advocate for birth control in the United States, along with Asia and Europe, during the 20th century. In her autobiography, Margaret explains the many obstacles she had to overcome and what were her driving forces during her crusade for womens rights throughout the early to mid 20th century. Margaret was born on September 14, 1879 in Corning, NY into a middle class family. She was sixth of the eleven children her mother gave birth to. Her father was an Irish-born stonemason who challenged the children to think. Margarets father practiced Socialism because he believed it was the closest to the Christian philosophy. Margaret has also cited him as, the spring from which she drank from. Her mother, a Catholic Irish-American, stayed at home with the children, which was expected of mothers during this period. At fifty Margarets mother died from tuberculosis, although, Margaret believes it was the frequent birth that was the underlying cause to her death. Her two older sisters helped Margaret attend college in 1896 and then continued in a nursing program in 1900. During her work at the hospital as a nurse, she was always touched by the trust given to a nurse during the birth of a child. Soon after the birth, Margaret would be bombarded with questions, from various mothers, on what they could do to prevent having another child to soon. Besides her patients, even though her father disapproved of her being a nurse, the ideals, of generosity and equality, set by her father and the death of her mother along with their struggles financially in daily life were the underlying force that drove her. We will write a custom essay sample on Margaret Sanger specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Margaret Sanger specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Margaret Sanger specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Margaret believed that the right to decide and choose when to have children was the key to independence, along with economic stability, for women. In 1902, Margaret married and had three children. They moved to New York City by 1910, where she continued work as a visiting nurse, and joined a circle of intellectual activists. Liberals, Socialists, anarchists, and I. W. W. s would meet in their living room to express their ideals for society. Margaret compares this time, pre-WWI, to the Renaissance where ideas flourished as everyone spoke about new liberties. Margaret joined a Socialist Party in which someone had donated a sum of money towards the interest of women in Socialism. Margaret was chosen to help recruit new members among working women. A woman in the group asked Margaret to help her speak to a handful of women about labor. Margaret did not feel qualified enough to talk about labor but instead spoke to them about health. The women asked so many intimate questions about family life that Margaret told the woman, who asked her to go along with her to speak, about it. Together they decided to create an article for women to answer some common questions about sex, What Ever Girl Should Know (1912), which would be published in a newsletter named the Call. The article ran for only three or four weeks due to the Comstock laws, which the Post Office was able to enforce. She soon began to write again but was unable to include such information as STDs. Margaret was later asked, during a labor strike, to help with the children. This was Margarets first encounter, in all her nursing in the slums, with children in such a ragged and deplorable a condition. Although Margaret tried to help wherever she could, she kept thinking that their must be something more she could do for the poor families who needed some kind of assistance in order to bring them out of the slums. She saw strikes as the need of man to support his family in a healthy condition. Furthermore, Margaret was resenting the fact that women were not being included in this new world everyone was trying to create. She believed people were overlooking the issue of quality when anyone spoke about life. Margaret began to see her patients as a woman in childbirth but as a person and began to examine their background along with their outlook. Again, Margaret would be bombarded with question on how to prevent pregnancies. Within her circle in the middle class, she had only known about two methods but both placed the responsibility solely on the male. Among this class, pregnancy was a chronic condition. As Margaret visited more often, she began to hear stories about miscarriages or deaths, which all, even with some kind of sorrow, was accompanied by relief. Even of women who died from an abortion or a child who was institutionalized came to them, although sorrowful, as a relief. The turning point for Margaret to become more then just a nurse but try to help create something to prevent pregnancies for women came almost instantly after losing one of her patients who merely months before pleaded with her for the secret to not get pregnant again since it would kill her. Margaret searched for information but even when she found some she would hit a wall which would unable her from passing the information along, the federal Comstock law (1873). The Comstock law prohibited any form of literature or practice of contraception, or abortion. In 1913, Margaret and her husband moved to Europe hoping to escape the poverty and despair she had seen. In England, Margaret found that the situation was more horrific then in America. Women were walking around with half a shawl around them and the other to cover their babies. Poor women were treated as the lowest of the low and had no help to change their condition. In France Margaret noticed that peasant women had a limited family size and asked how they were able to do it, to which they replied that there were recipes that were handed down from generations. Frenchwomen regarded the use of such contraception, as their individual right. The peasant women knew no man would marry them unless, she knew how to limit the amount of children she would have, thus lessening any financial burden. The last day in December (1913), Margaret left her husband with her kids to return to America with the handful of recipes she had collected. It was on this trip Margaret came up with the idea to publish a magazine, called The Woman Rebel, to help the poor women who had no voices. She decided to take on the smaller Comstock state laws and published The Woman Rebel, in 1914. This was published monthly, which advocated birth control. She had three attempts in which she attempted to circulate the magazine that ended up banned due to the Post Office. Margaret was soon served papers to appear in court for violating the Comstock laws and if convicted would face no less then 45 years. Margaret compiled all her contraceptive information onto a pamphlet called, Family Limitation, as a different approach to getting the information out the low-middle class families in New York. It was printed once, during the night, but unfortunately due to lack of funds, only a hundred thousand copies were created. Margaret was unwilling to risk jail time once she was refused time to organize her case and skipped bail leaving her children. Margaret headed for England under the alias Bertha Watson. Once in England, she sought other people who held similar beliefs and supported her in order to build a case. Margaret met Havelock Ellis, who she became very influenced by due to his beliefs on the importance in female sexuality. Margaret broadened her case by turning to the physiological aspect of birth control. In 1915, Margaret was jailed for thirty days for her distribution of Family Limitation. Shortly after Margaret returned to New York and faced the charges she had ran from. Unfortunately during this time Margarets daughter died, the government decided to drop the charges if she said she would never break the Comstock law again, to which she denied. Margaret then turned to the argument of freedom of speech and not only became a leader in that but was approached to present the new idea about clinics. Margaret based clinics on those seen in Netherlands while she was there. There was no such law against birth control as in America and therefore had several clinics to help women and their family condition through contraception. In 1916, Margaret opened the doors not only to the first birth control clinic in New York, or the country, but also across the world, except for the Netherlands. Before Margaret opened the door, there was a huge line that rounded the corner. Once inside, she simply explained what contraception was and that abortion was the wrong thing to do, because of not only the health risks but also you are still taking a life. Nine days later Margaret was arrested and the clinic was shut down. Margaret was convicted and spent thirty days in prison. Despite her conviction, the publicity surrounding the Brownsville Clinic caught the attention of many wealthy supporters. Together they started a movement to reform birth control. New York State ruled that only doctors could run clinics in which contraceptive information could be given out; therefore, in 1923 Margaret opened a doctor-run clinic. The clinic, the Birth Control Clinical Research Bureau, was born and had all female doctors along with social workers, thus becoming a model for all other clinics in America, (Plan Parenthood). In 1929, Margaret founded the National Committee on Federal Legislations for birth Control. Its purpose was to pass a bill so doctors could legally dispense contraceptives, which eventually failed due to the Catholic Churchs influence. However, the courts did eventually, in 1936, rule that the Comstock laws did not apply to physicians. Through the many struggles during an era of turmoil, Margaret Sanger was a woman who stayed strong in her beliefs and went to great lengths to selflessly help mothers. Margaret Sanger helped in the production of most of the contraception used today, such as: spring-form diaphrams, spermicidal jellies, foam powders, hormonal contraceptives, and even the birth control pill. Compared to secondary sources Margaret Sangers autobiography is written in much depth about her life and the obstacles she had to overcome. As a reader, you are able to intimately know Margaret, at least what she wants you to know. In the autobiography, especially when Margaret describes her home life, she states what the outward appearance is, or in other instances the situation, and then weaves together how she fits not only personally but also emotionally. The autobiography lets the reader view the actions as Margaret saw them. This approach, unlike the secondary source, gave me a greater respect toward her strength not only as an activist but also as a woman. From a second hand source, you have a distance between the reader and Margaret, although it is mostly composed of facts with no emotion. Also, a secondary source such as Margaret Sanger: Biographical Sketch, did not show how Margaret managed to succeed at her goals yet merely spoke about them and how they influenced the culture today rather then the direct people at that time. In another secondary source, Margaret Sanger, the mother of birth control, the text is written much like Margarets autobiographies introduction in which there is no meat, input for Margaret, yet just facts. Margarets autobiography opens a mysterious window into the past in which the reader feels her pain, her fears, and becomes part of society as we watch this woman unfold out of her cocoon and take flight. She was able to lightly capture many themes during that era. The only downfall to an autobiography is the reader is unable to see the perspective from the opposing view or the outside events other then from Margarets viewpoint. Margaret, not only in the secondary sources but also her autobiography, appeared not to have changed direction of her goal yet took different avenues to achieve it. Margaret went from wanting free contraceptive devises for all as a Socialist, to clinics in which doctors dispenced contraceptive devices as an Idealist/Feminist. Margarets autobiography also extended beyond the movement in America, unlike the other sources, into Europe comparing/contrasting the government and personal ideals towards motherhood. As a reader, I feel compelled to question how Margaret supported her children once she began to travel and the effects it caused on her children, especially when she left her husband just to turn around to protest her charges in New York. I have trouble seeing how the threat of jail would not affect her decision. Also, Margaret included many areas that I felt were weak, the dead space, who she was running around with after her and her husband separated; although, to historians this information may be useful. As a reader, I enjoyed the different stories about her experiences and interactions with people as a nurse and the court trials. I find it fascinating the society, along with our culture, has change so much.