Critique of The Law of Apostasy in Islam Essay Example for Free

Critique of The Law of Apostasy in Islam Essay In 1924 Samuel Zwemer wrote The Law of Apostasy in Islam as a response to several books and articles that claimed there is no punishment in Islam for apostate Muslims. Zwemer quotes Khwajah Kemal-ud-Din who wrote in his book India in the Balance, in Islam there is no penalty for apostasy and Mohammed Alis English translation of The Koran neither here nor anywhere else in the Holy Koran is there even a hint of the infliction of capital or any other punishment on the apostate. Zwemer disputes these claims and tries to prove his contention that there is a long history of punishing apostates throughout the Muslim world (Zwemer 8-9). Zwemer was a missionary for the Christian Dutch Reformed church in the Middle East during the latter part of the nineteenth and early twentieth century. The people he worked with and tried to convert to Christianity were Muslims. Zwemer begins his argument in the chapter Why so Few Moslem Converts by citing numerous cases where Muslims practiced punishment and ostracism against apostate Muslims, that is, Muslims who had converted to Christianity. The incidents described are anecdotal and deal with specific examples where apostate Muslims underwent punishment or discrimination at the hands of practicing Muslims. Assuming, for the sake of argument, Zwemer is correct and such practices occurred, Zwemer still does not disprove either of the statements quoted above. What Zwemer proves is that some Muslims were punished, nothing more. He has not proven the Koran supports such practices. The title of this chapter must give the reader pause; it does not seem to be the title of an intellectual argument, but more like a defense of his and other missionaries efforts while working among Muslims. Apparently he had concluded the reason for his lack of success was due to fear of punishment by other Muslims, not because he was a bad missionary, or because the tenets of Islam were more convincing to people in the region than the principles in Christianity (Zwemer 15-29). In the chapter two The Law of Apostasy Zwemer quotes three passages of the Koran that he claims indicate an official sanctioning of punishment of apostates. Zwemer is unconvincing. The phrase take from them [apostate Muslims] neither patron or help (IV. 90, 91) and alleges that the standard commentary of Baidhawi, whoever that is, means take and kill him wheresoever you find ye find him, like any other infidel (Zwemer 33). It appears Baidhawi has chosen an interpretation that is not justified from the original text. He treats the other passages in a similar fashion, interpreting them to mean apostates should be killed or punished, when a more straightforward interpretation does not imply his conclusion. Zwemer errs in at least two fashions. First he appears to equate evidence that indicates punishment has been administered against apostates indicates the sanction of such actions by the teaching of Islam. This is not the case. Throughout history there are far too many examples where common practices were either directly prohibited by official policies or were not addressed by these policies. This does not indicate official policies authorized such actions. Secondly, Zwemers evidence is largely either anecdotal or demand such contrived interpretations of the Koran as to unconvincing. Consequently The Law of Apostasy in Islam does not prove that punishment for apostate Muslims is a tenant of Islam. Works Cited Zwemer, Samuel M. The Law of Apostasy. London: Marshall Brothers Ltd, n. d.

My Metamorphosis to a Reasonably Confident Adult :: Personal Narrative Writing

My Metamorphosis to a Reasonably Confident Adult In grade school, I can remember being insulted and humiliated because I displayed traits some of my peers thought were feminine. I was informed that I walked, spoke, and generally behaved like a girl. I recall feelings of anger and resentment mixed with shame and self-consciousness. I wondered why I was being singled out. Now I realized that every boy who showed some trace of femininity was singled out, not just me. At the time, of course, I thought I was the only one. I tried to hypothesize about why I was being insulted. Maybe this pink shirt is too girlish, I thought. Maybe my hair is too long. Maybe there is just something wrong with me. As I entered junior high, I began to consciously eliminate any behaviors, mannerisms, etc. that could possibly be perceived as feminine. After all, fitting in with my sexist, homophobic peers was my main objective. I wore "masculine" clothing (dark colors, button-downs, workboots), got a short haircut, and lowered my voice about three octaves when I spoke. Gym class was my worst dread. As Cooper Thompson says, "Competitive activites . . . too easily become a lesson in the need for toughness, invulnerability, and dominance." This was one-hundred percent true in my junior high school. The most violent kids ruled the gym class, and they received the most recognition from the teacher. If one of them made a violent tackle in a football game, for instance, he would be applauded by the teacher, who called such kids "men." Of course, I felt like less than a man, because I couldn't play sports for my life. This horrible truth was exposed every time gym class met, and I was mortified. Frustrated with my ineptitude, I spent hours practicing by myself: shooting baskets, hitting baseballs, anything to gain some physical coordination. In retrospect, I laugh about how much effort I put into impressing my peers in gym class! Eventually, P.E. didn't humiliate me as much, but fear of ridicule prevented me from ever trying out for a team. In high school, I made a few good friends-people who like me for the way I was and didn't care if I was inept at certain things. However, feelings of insecurity still lingered. I was terrified that girls wouldn't like me if I didn't act like a real man (whatever that is).

Education and Method Essay

Submitted By Wamia Akhtar (111011142) Fowzia Morshed (102011133) Rubia Khatun Rubi (113011002) Zannatul Ferdous Bristy (103011202) Nusrat Jahan Jebin (103011156) Research subject: Teaching Method Concept: Learning Process Constructs: * Traditional Classroom teaching * Active Learning Methods * Teaching with Instruments * Teaching Through Tour * Teaching By Creating Pressure Questions: * Traditional Classroom Teaching 1. What system has been followed for traditional teaching? 2. What elements are used in this teaching method? 3. How the traditional teaching has been given? 4. Is it a time sufficient method 5. Can students maintain direct interaction with teacher? 6. Can it make good bonding among the students? 7. How it can be a motivated method for students? 8. Can it create general competitive nature in students? 9. Do you think it pressurize the students to do hard work? 10. Do you think it bring good results for students? 11. Is it interesting or not? 12. Do you think resuming text books are enough? 13. Is it a memorizing based method? 14. Do you find this helpful? 15. Do you feel it is an old system of teaching? 16. Can you relate teaching concepts with real facts? 17. Do you find it challenging? 18. Is it a lengthy process? 19. What kind of preparation you need to take for assuming this method? 20. Do you feel active with this process? * Active Learning Method 1. Do you find group working helpful? 2. Is it a more practical based process of teaching? 3. Can students be involved physically in this process? 4. Is it easy to learn in this way? 5. Are students getting dependent on the course teacher? 6. Do you find this method interesting? 7. Is it an internationally recognized system? 8. Is it helpful for enriching conceptual thoughts? 9. Do you think it creates a distance between you and the books? 10. Is it a stressful method? 11. Do you find it more helpful for making good results? 12. Is it a modern process? 13. Is it saves your time? 14. Can you enjoying the learning through this method? 15. Do you find it easy? 16. Can you reach personally to all technical tools? 17. Do you feel necessity of practicing at home? 18. How you handle this technique of teaching? 19. Is it important for students to be presented all time? 20. Do you find it as short cut? * Teaching With Instruments 1. Are all materials easily findable? 2. Are the materials easy to use for all? 3. How much helpful is the method? 4. Is it a time saving process? 5. Is it a practical based method? 6. Is it a time saving process? 7. In this method of teaching how many times you need to come to the classroom? 8. What kind of role a teacher plays in this method? 9. How often you need to use your text books? 10. Are students enjoying lerning like this? * Learning Under Pressure 1. Do you find teaching with forceful tendency is good? 2. Is it makes you do better result? 3. What kind of difficulties usually you faces? 4. Is it an old form of teaching? 5. How many students can make better result in this method? 6. Do you think teachers work more harder than a student in this method? 7. How much pressure you can handle at a time? 8. Hwo much pressure of study you feel at home? * Learning Through Tour 1. How learning through tour has been worked? 2. How students are participating here? 3. What is the teacher’s role here? 4. Do you find any practical experience by this? 5. Because it is not a classroom based method, how you manage to study by touring? 6. Do you appreciate this system? 7. How students manage their time for this? 8. Is it an internationally recognized system? 9. How many tours you have to join? 10. Is it helpful for making better result?

Did Cotton Drive the Industrial Revolution

The British textile industry involved several fabrics, and before the industrial revolution, the dominant one was wool. However, cotton was a more versatile fabric, and during the Industrial Revolution cotton rose dramatically in importance, leading some historians to argue that the developments spurred by this burgeoning industry — technology, trade, transport — stimulated the whole revolution. Other historians have argued that cotton production wasn’t any more important than other industries which experienced rapid growth during the Industrial Revolution and that the size of the growth is distorted from the low starting point. Deane has argued that cotton grew from insignificance to a position of major importance in a single generation, and was one of the first industries to introduce mechanical / labor-saving devices and factories. However, she also agreed that the role of cotton in the economy has still been exaggerated, as it only affected other industries indirectly. For example, it took many decades to become a major coal user, yet coal production experienced change before then. Wool By 1750, wool was one of Britain’s oldest industries and the major source of wealth for the nation. This was produced by the ‘domestic system’, a vast network of local people working from their homes when they were not otherwise engaged in the agricultural sector. Wool would remain the main British textile until around 1800, but there were challenges to it in the first part of the eighteenth century. The Cotton Revolution As cotton began to come into the country, the British government passed a law in 1721 banning the wearing of printed fabrics, designed to restrict the growth of cotton and protect the wool industry. This was repealed in 1774, and demand for cotton fabric soon boomed. This steady demand caused people to invest in ways to improve production, and a series of technological advances throughout the late eighteenth century led to huge changes in the methods of production — including machines and factories — and stimulating other sectors. By 1833 Britain was using a huge amount of U.S. cotton production. It was among the first industries to use steam power, and by 1841 had half a million workers. The Changing Location of Textile Production In 1750 wool was produced largely in East Anglia, West Riding, and the West Country. The West Riding, in particular, was near both sheep, allowing local wool to save transport costs, and plentiful coal used to heat up the dyes. There were also many streams to use for watermills. In contrast, as wool declined and cotton grew, the major British textile production concentrated in South Lancashire, which was near Britain’s main cotton port of Liverpool. This region also had fast-flowing streams — vital at the start — and soon they had a trained workforce. Derbyshire had the first of Arkwright’s mills. From the Domestic System to the Factory The style of business involved in wool production varied across the country, but most areas used the ‘domestic system’, where the raw cotton was taken to many individual houses, where it was processed and then collected. Variations included Norfolk, where spinners would gather their raw materials and sell their spun wool to merchants. Once woven material had been produced this was marketed independently. The outcome of the revolution, facilitated by new machines and power technology, was large factories containing many people doing all the processes on behalf of an industrialist. This system did not form immediately, and for a while, you had ‘mixed firms’, where some work was done in a small factory — such as spinning — and then local people in their homes performed another task, such as weaving. It was only in 1850 that all cotton processes had been fully industrialized. Wool remained a mixed firm longer than cotton. The  Bottleneck in Cotton and Key Inventions Cotton had to be imported from the USA, whereupon it was blended to achieve a common standard. The cotton was then cleaned and carded to remove husks and dirt, and the product is then spun, weaved, bleached and died. This process was slow because there was a key bottleneck: spinning took a long time, weaving was much faster. A weaver could use a person’s entire weekly spinning output in one day. As demand for cotton rose higher, there was thus an incentive to speed this process up. That incentive would be found in technology: the flying shuttle in 1733, the spinning jenny in 1763, the water frame in 1769 and the power loom in 1785. These machines could operate more effectively if linked together, and sometimes demanded bigger rooms to operate in and more labor than one household could produce to maintain peak production, so new factories emerged: buildings where many people gathered to perform the same operation on a new ‘industrial’ scale. The Role of Steam In addition to cotton handling inventions, the steam engine allowed these machines to operate in large factories by producing plentiful, cheap energy. The first form of power was the horse, which was expensive to run but easy to set up. From 1750 to 1830 the water wheel became the essential source of power, and the prevalence of fast-flowing streams in Britain allowed demand to keep up. However, demand outstripped what water could still cheaply produce. When James Watt invented the rotary action steam engine in 1781, they could be used to produce a continuous source of power in the factories, and drive many more machines than water could. However, at this point steam was still expensive and water continued to dominate, although some mill owners used steam to pump water back uphill into their wheel’s reservoirs. In took until 1835 for steam power to really become the cheap source required, and after this 75% of factories used it. The move to steam was partly stimulated by the high demand for cotton, which meant factories could absorb the expensive setup costs and recoup their money. The Effect on Towns and Labor Industry, finance, invention, organization: all changed under the effects of cotton demand. Labour moved from spread out agricultural regions where they produced in their homes towards newly urbanized areas providing the manpower for new, and ever-larger factories. Although the booming industry allowed fairly decent wages to be offered — and this was often a powerful incentive — there were problems recruiting labor as cotton mills were at first isolated, and factories appeared new and strange. Recruiters sometimes circumvented this by building their workers new villages and schools or brought populations over from areas with widespread poverty. Unskilled labor was particularly a problem to recruit, as the wages were low. Nodes of cotton production expanded and new urban centers emerged. The Effect on America Unlike wool, the raw materials for cotton production had to be imported, and these imports had to be cheap and of a high enough quality. Both a consequence and an enabling factor of Britain’s rapid expansion of the cotton industry was an equally rapid growth in cotton production in the United States as plantation numbers soared. The costs involved declined after need and money stimulated another invention, the cotton gin. Economic Impacts Cotton is often cited as having pulled the rest of British industry along with it as it boomed. These are the economic impacts: Coal and Engineering: Only used coal to power steam engines after 1830; coal  was also used to fire bricks used in building the factories and new urban areas. Metal and Iron: Used in building the new machines and buildings. Inventions: Inventions in textile machinery helped to increase production by overcoming bottlenecks such as spinning, and in turn encouraged further development. Cotton Use: A growth in cotton production encouraged the growth of markets abroad, both for sale and purchase. Business: The complex system of transport, marketing, finance and recruiting was managed by businesses that developed new and larger practices. Transport: This sector had to improve to move raw materials and finished goods and consequently overseas transport improved, as did internal transport with canals and railways. Agriculture: Demand for people who worked in the agriculture sector; the domestic system either stimulated or benefited from rising agricultural production, which was necessary to support a new urban labor force with no time to work the land. Many out workers remained in their rural environments. Sources of Capital: As inventions improved and organizations increased, more capital was required to fund larger business units, and so sources of capital expanded beyond just your own families.

The Assassination Of Abraham Lincoln - 861 Words

In the year 1865 on April 14, five days after Robert E. Lee surrendered at Appomattox Courthouse, one of America s greatest presidents, Abraham Lincoln, was shot and killed by a man named John Wilkes Booth. Specifically, John Wilkes Booth was an American play actor and a big sympathiser for the Confederacy. Booth was well known for his hatred towards the President and his crazy ideas and motives, which lead to the killing of Lincoln. Many conspiracies and theories today believed the assassination of Abraham Lincoln was handled by John Wilkes alone, but other conspiracies believed that he did work with other conspirators. Personally, I believe that John Wilkes Booth idea of wanting the President dead was all of his doing. His intentions for murdering Abraham Lincoln was out of pure hatred towards the man and towards the Union, but for the obvious reason Booth could not of acted entirely alone. Reasons being he could not kill the Vice President Andrew Johnson, the Secretary of State Wi lliam Seward, and the President Abraham Lincoln all in one night on his own. John Wilkes Booth needed supporters to help with his own elaborate plan. For instance, the article â€Å"Abraham Lincoln’s Assassination† claimed, â€Å"he [John Wilkes Booth] and several associates hatched a plot to kidnap the president and take him to Richmond, the Confederate capital...the day of the planned kidnapping, Lincoln failed to appear at the spot where Booth and his six fellow conspirators lay in wait†Show MoreRelatedThe Assassination Of Abraham Lincoln1064 Words   |  5 PagesColin Shafer Abraham Lincoln’s Assassination President Abraham Lincoln was the first United States president ever to be assassinated while in office. He was president during the Civil War and had many people that did not like him. John Wilkes Booth did not like Abraham Lincoln and was responsible for the President’s death. Abraham Lincoln was born in Harden County, Kentucky on February 12, 1809. His parents were Thomas and Nancy Hanks Lincoln. In 1818, his mother died while he was just nine yearsRead MoreThe Assassination Of Abraham Lincoln1535 Words   |  7 PagesMichael Cardenas Ritmann History 2B October 16, 2015 The Assassination Of Abraham Lincoln On April 14, 1865 at twelve o’ clock midnight John Wilkes Booth lay in his bed at the National Hotel. Three days earlier he had attended a speech given by President Abraham Lincoln at the White House. The civil war had commenced just two days earlier and the crowd was jubilant. When Lincoln concluded his speech with the the acknowledgment of black suffrage, Booth became incensed and declared that â€Å"Now byRead MoreThe Assassination of Abraham Lincoln511 Words   |  2 PagesThe Assassination of Abraham Lincoln The assassination of President Abraham Lincoln occurred on April 15, 1865, Washington, D.C. Lincoln was watching the play â€Å"Our American Cousin† at Ford’s Theatre located in Washington D.C. John Wilkes Booth entered the theatre during the play and shot and killed President Lincoln. This tragic event changed history. President Lincoln was the President of the United States during the time of slavery. He was also the president during the Civil War. Lincoln wantedRead MoreThe Assassination Of Abraham Lincoln Essay1317 Words   |  6 Pagesâ€Å"Sic Semper tyrannis† or â€Å"Thus always I bring death to tyrants† were the famous words of Confederate actor John Wilkes Booth after he shot President Lincoln at Ford’s Theatre. The assassination of Abraham Lincoln was a tragic event that will be forever remembered in the hearts of all American citizens. On April 20, 1999 in Littleton, Colorado, Booth’s words would make a comeback during another Am erican tragedy; Columbine high school was the setting for arguably one of the most notorious school shootingsRead MoreThe Assassination Of Abraham Lincoln Essay1342 Words   |  6 Pagesâ€Å"Sic Semper Tyrannis† or â€Å"Thus always I bring death to tyrants† were the famous words of Confederate actor John Wilkes Booth after he shot President Lincoln at Ford’s Theatre. The assassination of Abraham Lincoln was a devastating event that will be forever remembered in the hearts of all American citizens. On April 20, 1999 in Littleton, Colorado, Booth’s words became a part of another American tragedy; Columbine high school was the setting for arguably one of the most infamous school shootingsRead MoreThe Assassination Of President Abraham Lincoln Essay983 Words   |  4 PagesOne of the most tragic moments throughout all American history in my opinion is the Assassination of President Abraham Lincoln. With no surprise I am writing about certain event that oc curred leading up to, during, and after this unfortunate event. This historical event is clouded with conspiracy but I will try to avoid specifics of that particular view. Abraham Lincoln was born in a little town located within Hardin Country, Kentucky on February 12, 1809 (www.whitehouse.gov/abrahamlincoln). HeRead MoreThe Assassination of Abraham Lincoln Essay913 Words   |  4 PagesAbraham Lincoln was the 16th president of the United States of America. He was elected into presidency on November 6, 1860. Many of the southern states were unsupportive of Lincoln becoming president because he had run on an anti-slavery platform. Lincoln being elected into presidency caused states such as South Carolina, Mississippi, Florida, Alabama, Georgia, Louisiana and Texas to split from the Union. In his inaugural address Lincoln proclaimed it was his duty to maintain the Union; a month laterRead MoreThe Assassination of Abraham Lincoln Essay1646 Words   |  7 Pagesorphaned child-to do all which may be achieved and cherished a just and a lasting peace among ourselves, and with all other nations†-Abraham Lincoln, Second Inaugural Address (Great Documen ts of America 19). Abraham Lincoln was the sixteenth president of the United States and perhaps one of the most hated presidents that ever served, this hatred for president Lincoln came from his options and actions regarding the nation’s conflict at the time; the Civil War, this came after the succession of fourteenRead MoreThe Assassination Of Abraham Lincoln1456 Words   |  6 Pagesbe the same today if Abraham Lincoln was never assassinated on the unfortunate night of April 14, 1865. His killer, John Wilkes Booth, had a strong resent for the Union that subsequently caused a dramatic shift in history. This hatred was caused by many factors, such as his background and where he grew up, his lust for power and fame, and his mental illness. John Wilkes Booth, a master assassinator and conspirator, hoped to strengthen the confederacy by killing Abraham Lincoln. However, this murderRead MoreAbraham Lincoln s Assassination Of President1176 Words   |  5 PagesAbraham Lincoln’s Assassination President Abraham Lincoln was the first United States president ever to be assassinated while in office. He was president during the Civil War and had many people that did not like him. John Wilkes Booth was one of those people and was the man responsible for the Presidents death. The following is about Abraham Lincoln, John Wilkes Booth, Booth’s plan for Lincoln, the President’s assassination, Booth’s capture and how it affected history. Abraham Lincoln was born

William Mckinley, A Influential Leader For Making The...

William McKinley, creditable for being a prominent leader for making the United States a better place and changing the life for American people. He is noted for his success in moving the country forward through the tariffs that he had put in place, the establishment of the gold standard, the victory of the Spanish American war, and importance of foreign policy. William McKinley was born in Niles, Ohio with his dad, William Sr. McKinley, his mom, Nancy McKinley, and 7 siblings. William was enrolled in the Poland Academy. He attended Allegheny College, but didn’t complete because of financial issues. A good student, though not a brilliant one, he succeeded by dint of hard work and exceptional retention. Later on two of his children had†¦show more content†¦Once he had assumed the responsibilities of office, McKinley immediately turned his attention to measures for assuring economic recovery and called a special session of Congress in order to raise customs duties, an effort he believed would reduce other taxes and encourage the growth of domestic industry and employment for American workers. From his position he managed to maneuver the passage was the Dingley Tariff Act which he concentrated his energies on. It is the highest protective tariff in American history. McKinley’s support for the Dingley Tariff strengthened his position with organized labor, lower rates, was the greatest source of income, and opened up the idea of reciprocity. Deferring action on the money question, he called Congress into special session to enact the highest tariff in history. The tariff was, in his view, a key measure for achieving national order and tranquility to eliminate the corruption, such as, trusts and monopolies, going on in that time period. This has helped him undergone considerable revision for his reputation as a president due to the improvement he has caused. The Sherman Silver Purchase Act, passed the same year as McKinley s tariff legislation, had been inadequate to meet the demand for better prices or for an increase in the stock of money. Once again the segments of society that stood to gain from higher prices, especially the farmers of the WestShow MoreRelatedThe American Of The Spanish American War1630 Words   |  7 Pagesthe Spanish American War to the current conflict in the Middle East, the United States went from relative isolation to increased global involvement because of their urge for humanitarianism, economic self-interest, and the search for Manifest Destiny. The consequences of this increased global involvement on American society were the increase of immigrants, increase in resources and â€Å"Yellow Press† media. The United States were the helping hand to Cuba during when America was moving from relativeRead MoreHistory of the United States from 1877 to 1917: Industrial Revolution1243 Words   |  5 PagesHistory of the United States from 1877 to 1917: Industrial Revolution There are five important things that every American citizen needs to know about the time period from 1877 to 1917: #5. The 1896 Presidential elections in which William McKinley was elected, marked one of the most important elections of the 19th century since the beginning and the end of Civil War when Abraham Lincoln was the President. The 1896 elections were highly symbolic in that the victory of McKinley also meant victoryRead MoreThe United States And Foreign Policy Essay4400 Words   |  18 PagesIn contemporary, international society the United States is at the forefront of global affairs. Moreover, scholars have argued that after the First World War, American hegemony led a path for a liberalized world, where cooperation and harmonious institutions unit the world. However, the United States historically has never been this type of hegemonic leader. Rather from their conception as a nation they had a foreign policy which isolated them from foreign affairs of the world, from President WashingtonRead MorePresident Theodore Roosevelt Proclamation and First Inaugural Address: the Use of Ethos and Pathos3346 Words   |  14 Pagesthe case for Theodore Roosevelt for there was no pending farewell speeches planned. Vice-President Roosevelt became president after the unexpected assassination of President William McK inley on September 14, 1901. In Campbell and Jamieson’s chapter on â€Å"Special Addresses: The Speeches of Ascendant Vice Presidents,† they state that in history there have been only nine times where a vice president moved up to president (57). Eight of these incidents involved a president being assassinated and one involvedRead MoreThe Politics of Campaign Finance Essay2530 Words   |  11 PagesFrom the very first elections held in the United States, there has always been a strong link between money and politics. During the first elections in the late 1700’s you had to be a white male landowner over the age of 21 in order to vote, meaning that you had to have money in order to have your vote counted. It seems today that we cannot go a day with out seeing campaign finance in the media, whether or not it is through advertisements for politicians in the media or asked to donate money to helpRead MoreIda B. Wells : An Influential African American Woman Of Her Ti me2387 Words   |  10 PagesIda B. Wells was the most influential African American woman of her time, who set the path for many women like Rosa Parks, Shirley Chisholm, and many others, who can walk with their heads held high and no more looking back. She achieved so much while she was here on earth. Wells’ was born in during slavery in Holly Springs, Mississippi. She grew up with both parents (her mother’s name was Lizzie Bell, who was sold by a number of owners and her father’s name was James Wells, who had one master,Read MoreEmilio Aguinaldo4383 Words   |  18 Pagesconsistent and it declared him a â€Å"Filipino hero.† Emilio Aguinaldo is best known as the Filipino leader who fought against Spain and later the United States for the independence of the Philippines. Emilio Aguinaldo was born on March 23, 1869 near Cavite, Luzon, Philippines and died February 6, 1964 in Manila. He was born of Chinese and Tagalog descent. He became mayor of Cavite Viejo and also became leader of the Katipunan. The Katipunan was a Philippine revolutionary society aiming to gain independenceRead MoreEssay on American Intervention in Cuba and Puerto Rico5520 Words   |  23 PagesEnd notes are missing from the paper. To Secretary of State John Hay, the Spanish-American War was a splendid little war, one that would bring tremendous benefit to those fortunate colonies liberated from Spain. For those places where the Spanish were forcibly expelled, there was nothing splendid about either about the war or its aftermath. To state simply that war is hell and that change is disruptive is merely to state the obvious. Beyond this, many U.S. historians have characterized the resultsRead More The United States Government Essay example4100 Words   |  17 Pages(History) The United States Government A collection of short reports all dealing with the United States Government. William Jefferson Clinton William Jefferson Clinton was born on August 19, 1946, in Hope, Arkansas. His father, William J. Blythe III was killed in an automobile collision just two months before William’s birth. At age four, William Jefferson Blythe IV was legally adopted by his mothers second husband, Roger Clinton, making him William Jefferson Clinton. At age 22 William receivedRead MorePreserving Americ Protecting The Environment2630 Words   |  11 Pagesnatural wonders exist within the United States because they are protected and desirable. Unfortunately, in the modern world, there is less focus on how to improve and protect the environment. The focus has been shifted towards how to get the most out of the environment. An environmentalist would frown upon the industrial mannerisms that current policy has been backing. This shift has resulted in many looking back to the roots laid by former environmental leaders including Presidents Teddy Roosevelt

Consumer Behavior and Culture-Samples for Students-Myassignment

Question: Discuss about the Consumer Behavior. Answer: Introduction Consumer Behavior refers to the study of people, groups, or associations and all the actions connected with the buy, utilization, and distribution of products and services by including consumer feelings, psychological factor, behavioral reactions that follow these activities (De Mooij, 2010). This report describes the marketing consumer behavior on product Mercedes Benz E250. Mercedes Benz is a globally car manufacturer and also a department of German company known as Daimler AG. The brand is well-known for its vehicles such as luxury cars, transports, coaches and lorries.The report explains the situational analysis of the company, market description, and target market decision making the procedure of company. The report also explains the various impacts on buying behavior such as social, psychological, and personal. The main objective of this report is to understand why, when, how and other factors influence buying decision of the consumers. Situational Analysis of Company According to Ott (2013), Mercedes Benz is a currently a producer of various kinds of automotive vehicles, such as transports, lorries, and coaches. Presently, the organization has turned into a department under its parent company known as Daimler AG Group of companies. The company has portraying various innovations progress and security advancements that have become famous in the automotive industry. Mercedes Benz is one of the world's most automotive brands that are still in presence today. Mercedes Benz has made numerous concepts of cars with alternative drive, such as hybrid electric, fully electric, and energy unit power trains. The company has presented the three Bluezero concepts at the North American International Auto show in 2009. Every car feature has a distinct power train that is battery electric, energy component electric and gasoline-electric hybrid (Wu, 2012). The company is also maintained goodwill which is known for its quality and stability. The company main focus i s to build the most secure, most comfortable and most effective vehicles in the world for their customers and to produce them in top quality in the overall assembling plants. Company adapts the plan and features of their vehicles as required to particular customer demands in various markets. At the same time, company continues to conducting research that supports the claim to leadership in the automotive industry with new developments. According to Worner et al. (2013), Mercedes Benz contributes in the advancement of alternative drive frameworks such as electric vehicles or plug-in hybrid innovation. Also, company is advancing the exploration into autonomous driving cars significantly. The base 2016 Mercedes Benz E250 Blue TEC sedan brought out with a turbodiesel 2.1 liter, four-cylinder engine that produce 195 horsepower. The E250's EPA-evaluated 28/42 mpg city/expressway mileage rating is superior to the fuel economy ratings of most other upscale average size autos, including othe r diesel models. While the 2016, Mercedes Benz E-Class may not be the sportiest decision in the class, critics say it compensates for that with a remarkably smooth ride, powerful engines and created handling. Target Market Description According to Chen et al. (2013), a target market defines the customers or groups which are most likely to buy a specific product or service. The conventional target market of company includes rich class consumers who are above the age of 40 and who want a car with the purpose of lavish services and a high-class feel. Fundamentally, every expensive mid and full sized car such as Sedan, wagon, cabriolet on the market is an effective target. The reason is that E-class consist more models in its lineup than ever before and can be had with back drive or wheel-drive,as a two-door coupe, convertible, station wagon or four-door sedan, with customer decision of two V-6 engines, a V-8 and, and a four-cylinder turbo diesel. The target customers of Mercedes Benz E250 are mostly rich. The target market for the Mercedes Benz E250 consists the middle-aged individual with higher incomes or upper rich class businessmen who need cars as a status symbol. The company does not manufacture low price vehic les because the company focuses on upper class customers. Mercedes Benz E250 also targets males and females both as they manufacture cars to fit both male and female specifications (Sierzchula et al., 2012). In 2016, Mercedes-Benz brand sold a record of 2.2 million cars, up 10 percent over the earlier year. China is the greatest market with 22 percent of unit deals, trailed by the United States that is16 percent and in Germany 14 percent. Target market decision-making process According to Darley et al. (2010), the consumer decision process is consisting of five phases to examine how customers create their purchasing decision. The purchasing of a Mercedes Benz E250 needs a high engagement decision. The price connected with the in purchasing a car is a significant variable that leads to high engagement choice but not always. The target market decision-making process for Mercedes Benz E250 includes various phases which are explained below (Xu et al., 2011): Need recognition: The first stage in the consumer decision process is the identification of a need. The requirement of purchasing of a car is basically an obtained requirement. In order to fulfill customer needs, the company set objectives. Objectives can be either broad objectives that are "I need to purchase a car" or particular "I need to purchase a Mercedes E-class". The requirement to buy an E-Class is not activated by the functional requirement for transport but by psychological factors. Search process: In the next phase, the customer will look for information to investigate the decisions. The data is acquired either by inside, such as retrieved form the long-term memory and or outside from his friends, family, advertisers sources and the public information. At this phase, the reference group will assume a decisive role. In this phase, an organization can assess whether their marketing endeavors have been a success or not. Evaluation of Alternatives: A successful data investigation leaves a purchaser with the possible choices. If the customer chooses to pick for a premium compact multipurpose vehicle, the possible choices would be the Mercedes E-class, such as a sedan or the wagon. At this phase, the customer needs to device an arrangement of criteria to measure the merits and demerits of each option. Selection phase: Once the criteria are set, these attributes are positioned by their significance. If the customer values more security, quality, dependability, and distinction, he or she would be inclined to purchase the Mercedes E-class, on the other hand, if the customer gives more value to the design, performance, productivity and sportive look his or her choice would fall for either the Sedan or Wagon. The choice is taken on the basis of which choices scores the highest. Evaluation of Decision: In the last phase, the customer is prepared to make the buy, for this case, purchasing the E-class. Since the customer has influenced the buy, he or she can assess the product execution in light of his or her expectation (Tzeng Huang, 2011). The Mercedes Benz E-class may match his expectations or exceed his expectations. If the product exceeds the expectations, the consumer would feel satisfied with the buy. Social impacts on Buying Behavior According to Moshrefjavadi et al. (2012), social factors refers to the elements that are pervasive in the society where a customer lives in. The society is made out of a few people that have distinctive inclinations and practices. These varied behaviors affect the personal preferences of the other set of people as they have a tendency to execute those activities which are satisfactory to the society. The two main important social factors which influence the behavior of a consumer in one or other way (Soroa-Koury Yang, 2010): Family: The family members assume a critical role in creating ones preferences and behavior. It provides a situation where in the consumer engages, create an identity and obtain values. The family can affect the purchasing behavior of a consumer in the following ways: Affects the consumer identity, attitude, convictions, and features Influence the target market decision process in regarding to the purchase of particular goods and services. On the other hand, a spouse and kids also has a big impact on the consumers purchase. Communication among spouses and kids assume an important strong role in buying behaviors. This family affects how the customer looks at buys more specifically than most other social impacts on customer buy. Reference group: Reference group refers to those groups that customer will see to help in making a buying decision. Reference group is the groups that purchaser contrast themselves to or connect with. Reference groups are same to opinion leaders in that they can impact purchaser behavior. An opinion leader is a person inside a reference group who applies the effect on others as a result of unique abilities, knowledge, and identity. Thus, all the above social factors can influence the consumer buying behavior. Psychological impacts on Buying Behavior According to Oliver (2014), psychological factors may be defined as those factors that speak about the psychology of a person that drive his activities in order to seek the benefits. The two important psychological factors which affect the buying behavior of a consumer is explained as follows: Motivation: The level of encouragement affects the purchasing decision of the customers. It is well-defined by Maslow through his need hierarchy theory containing fundamental requirements, security needs, social needs, and self-actualization needs. The more essential the need, the more prominent the need it expects in driving customers to satisfy it. If the company convince customers that the product or services cater one of their motivating drives, or can convince to purchase what the organization is selling. Marketing can help the organization to connect a product with need satisfaction. Attitudes and Beliefs: The people have certain convictions and states of mind towards products on which their buy choices rest. These dispositions and convictions are the tendency to react to a given product in a specific way, and these make up the brand picture that affects the customer purchasing behavior (Huijts et al., 2012). Thus, the marketers of Mercedes Benz E250 try to understand the attitudes and convictions of the people and change these through various marketing efforts. Personal impacts on Buying Behavior According to Gifford Nilsson, (2014), the personal factors are the individual variables to the customer that powerfully affect their purchasing behaviors. These variables shift from individual to individual that outcome in a distinct set of observations, attitudes, and behavior towards specific goods and services. The important personal factors which influence on consumer purchasing behavior is as follows: Age: The customer purchasing behavior is mostly influenced by his age that is life cycle phases in which individual falls. The individual purchases distinctive products in various stages of the life cycle. Lifestyle: The customer purchasing behavior is affected by individual lifestyle. The lifestyle implies individuals interest, qualities, assessments, and the activities that imitate the way in which individual lives in the society (Van Doorn et al., 2010). For example, if the individual is living in a luxurious lifestyle, then he will maintain a Mercedes Benz E-class as to maintain the status symbol. Marketing Strategy Recommendations According to Benlian et al. (2012), the major recommendation that can be implementing by the company is discussed as follows: Concern about environmental issues: The Company should worry about the environmental problems which can be occurring in the car designing. This is because consumers are becoming more demanding and consequently, any new concepts that are able to deliver the benefits to the environment will be favored. Fuel efficiency: The organizations should also contribute to join the concept of fuel efficiency into its plan. As the oil and petrol prices are depend on the ride on an increasing pattern, it is management fundamentally for the organization to understand such issues and take appropriate protective actions in order to avoid the current market share being seized by other competitors. Strategic alliances with other manufacturers: The organization can choose to make the strategic alliances with other car manufacturers. Due to the extreme competition, company should consolidate those forces which can compete effectively and viably in global market place. In order to enter to the developing business sector, it is also important for companies to make associations with the local parties from the developing nations, as these local parties generally have more knowledge on the local market. Creating new brand: The administration must also focus on creating a new brand in order to meet with the middle-level groups. This step can be accomplished by framing key accomplices with a part of the smaller scale manufacturers in the Asia Pacific areas. Various organizations are enduring because of not having the necessary technology edge to competitive with other big vehicles manufacturers Therefore, Mercedes Benz can get this chance in order to connect with these partners and gives innovative support in return for a share in these companies revenue. Conclusion From this report, it has been concluded that Automobile market is rapidly in the sneak of surging as a major car producer, individual is buying a car as there is a rise in income of ordinary people as well as a change in tastes and preferences. It is important for the car producers and car dealers to be capable in order to understand the various factors influencing the degree of car buying behavior. The report explains the social, psychological and personal factor which has an impact on the consumer buying behavior. Car manufacturers must keep in kind all these factors while designing their product. The report also recommends some measures which help the organization to adjust the changes in the market and to capitalize on the trend of globalization and information technology in the next decades. References Benlian, A., Titah, R., Hess, T. (2012). 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